Parashat Mishpatim
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===Yiud=== | ===Yiud=== | ||
− | It is recommended that the owner or his sons marry this maidservant and it is considered a Mitzvah.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> This process is called Yiud and the initial payment to the girl’s father retroactively serves as the Kidushin money.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/9">Rashi Shemos 21/9</ref> Buying a girl in her early years allows the family to shape and conform her to their peculiarities, thus creating a great match for one of their sons. It is also creates an opportunity to marry off a problematic son.<ref name="Shover Zadim | + | It is recommended that the owner or his sons marry this maidservant and it is considered a Mitzvah.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> This process is called Yiud and the initial payment to the girl’s father retroactively serves as the Kidushin money.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/9">Rashi Shemos 21/9</ref> Buying a girl in her early years allows the family to shape and conform her to their peculiarities, thus creating a great match for one of their sons. It is also creates an opportunity to marry off a problematic son.<ref name="Shover Zadim Shemos"/> |
If one of them does marry her, all he has to say is “you are engaged to me with the initial purchase money paid to your father”.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/9"/> If he later marries a second wife, he cannot hold back his obligations of food, clothing and relationships to her. Although this is true for all wives, there is extra fear that a former maidservant will be abused.<ref name="Shover Zadim Mishpatim"/> Once married, the girl is like a regular wife does not go free after growing signs of adulthood. | If one of them does marry her, all he has to say is “you are engaged to me with the initial purchase money paid to your father”.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/9"/> If he later marries a second wife, he cannot hold back his obligations of food, clothing and relationships to her. Although this is true for all wives, there is extra fear that a former maidservant will be abused.<ref name="Shover Zadim Mishpatim"/> Once married, the girl is like a regular wife does not go free after growing signs of adulthood. | ||
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===Laws of a Habitual Gorer=== | ===Laws of a Habitual Gorer=== | ||
− | If a killer bull escapes death after three killings,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/29"/> he now is no longer considered tame but rather a habitual gorer (מוּעָד). If its owner has been warned in front of witnesses<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/29">Rashi Shemos 21/29</ref> but does not watch it properly and the bull then kills a fourth time, his owner is also held responsible. Aside from the stoning of the bull, the owner is punishable by death through Heaven,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/29"/> unless he redeems himself by paying the levied fine.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/28"/> He shall give the ransom fine when it is levied upon him by Beis Din,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/30">Rashi Shemos 21/30</ref> as redemption for his soul. The amount of this fine is calculated based on the value of the victim<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/30"/> and<ref name="Shover Zadim Mishpatim"/> the worth of value of the owner of the bull.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/30"/> | + | If a killer bull escapes death after three killings,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/29"/> he now is no longer considered tame but rather a habitual gorer (מוּעָד). If its owner has been warned in front of witnesses<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/29">Rashi Shemos 21/29</ref> but does not watch it properly and the bull then kills a fourth time, his owner is also held responsible. Aside from the stoning of the bull, the owner is punishable by death through Heaven,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/29"/> unless he redeems himself by paying the levied fine.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/28"/> He shall give the ransom fine when it is levied upon him by Beis Din,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/30">Rashi Shemos 21/30</ref> as redemption for his soul. The amount of this fine is calculated based on the value of the victim<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/30"/> and<ref name="Shover Zadim Mishpatim"/> the worth of value of the owner of the bull.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 21/30"/> |
===Laws of Slave Goring Bull=== | ===Laws of Slave Goring Bull=== | ||
− | If the bull kills a | + | If the bull kills a slave, its owner must pay the slave owner a fine of thirty shekel regardless of the slave's value. |
====Responsibility for Animals==== | ====Responsibility for Animals==== | ||
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==Laws of Damage Caused by a Pit== | ==Laws of Damage Caused by a Pit== | ||
− | A | + | A person is liable for the death of an animal that was caused through its falling into his pit. He must reimburse the owner of the animal for its full value and he gets to keep the carcass of the dead animal. |
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==Laws of Bull Goring Bull== | ==Laws of Bull Goring Bull== |