Parashat Mishpatim
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| + | A renter is not responsible if the object is destroyed in circumstances beyond his control and is responsible for negligence. There is a debate whether he is responsible for lost and stolen objects. | ||
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[[Category:Parsha]] | [[Category:Parsha]] | ||
Revision as of 22:41, 23 January 2014
Parshas Mishpatim is the sixth parsha in the Book of Shemos and the 6th week and final week of Shovavim in non leap years. It contains 118 pesukim. For the Haftora; the prophecy of Yirmiyah to the wealthy following the betrayal of their covenant to release their Jewish slaves, is read.
Laws of Jewish Slaves
A Jewish slave goes free after six years of work or the Yovel, which ever comes first. His master is responsible to support him and his original family. He is allowed to give the Jewish slave a non Jewish maidservant to marry, children that are born belong to the owner and are considered non Jewish slaves. A Jewish servant that refuses to leave after six years has his ear pierced upon a door and can remain until the following Yovel.
Laws of Jewish Maidservants
A father is allowed to sell his daughter as a Jewish maidservant. She goes free after six years, upon growing signs of adulthood or the Yovel, which ever of the three happens first. It is recommended that the owner or his sons marry this maidservant. If they refuse they should help her be redeemed or in the very least are forbidden to sell her to someone else. If one of them does marry her, they can not hold back their obligations to her if they later marry a second wife. Once married the girl does not go free after growing signs of adulthood.
Laws of an Intentional Murderer
An intentional murderer receives the capital punishment of beheading. Even a Kohen who serves in the Temple receives the death penalty if found guilty.
Laws of an Accidental Murderer
An accidental murderer has to exile and flee to the 'cities of sanctuary'. If the accidental killing took place as part of a performance of a mitzvah, the killer is not held responsible.
Laws of Wounding Parents
A person that wounds his father or mother causing blood to flow is sentenced to death through strangulation.
Laws of a Kidnapper
One who kidnaps a person and sells him is sentenced to death through strangulation.
Laws of Cursing Parents
One who curses his father or mother is sentenced to death through stoning.
Laws of Wounding Acquaintance
One who wounds his acquaintance is held liable to pay for his leave time and medical bills.
Laws of Killing a Slave
One who kills his gentile slave or maidservant is sentenced to death through beheading. If the slave survived 24 hours before dying, his owner is no longer held liable for his death.
Laws of Mistargeted Killing
A person that tries to kill one person and ends up killing another, it is debatable if he is punished by death or if he simply pays a fine. If a person accidentally hits a pregnant woman as he aims to kill someone else, causing her to miscarry, he must pay for the value of the fetus.
More Laws Regarding Wounding Acquaintance
Depreciation damage is evaluated by the lessening of his value on the slave market. If the wounded party becomes ill, the aggressor must compensate him for the evaluated pain, medical bills, humiliation and lost work time.
Laws of Wounding a Slave
A master that terminates the eye, tooth or any of the 24 limbs of his gentile slave, must free his slave.
Laws of Bull Goring Humans
A bull that kills a Jew, even a minor, is stoned to death but hid owner is not held responsible. If a killer bull escapes death after three killings and then kills a fourth time, his owner is also held responsible and aside form the stoning of the bull, the owner must pay a fine and is punishable by death through Heaven. If the bull kills a slave, its owner must pay the slave owner a fine of thirty shekel regardless of the slave's value.
Laws of Damage Caused by a Pit
A person is liable for the death of an animal that was caused through its falling into his pit. He must reimburse the owner of the animal for its full value and he gets to keep the carcass of the dead animal.
Laws of Bull Goring Bull
A juvenile bull that gores another bull killing him pays for half his value. An experienced bull that kills another must pay the full damage.
Laws of a Four or Five Times Repayment
A person that steals a cow and slaughters or sells it must pay five times its value if he is caught and found guilty. If the same is done to a sheep he must only pay four times the value.
Permission to Kill in Defense
It is permissible to kill a thief if it likely that he himself intended to murder.
Double Payments for Thievery
A person that steals and is caught red handed with the object in his possession must return double the value of the stolen object.
Laws of a Consuming Animal
An animal that enters someones property and damaged with its mouth, its owner must pay full damages.
Laws of Damage Through Fire
A person that is negligent with fire must pay for any damage it causes.
Laws of an Unpaid Custodian
A person that guards his friends assets for free is only responsible for negligence.
Laws of a Paid Custodian
A paid custodian is responsible for negligence and if the object he is guarding is stolen or lost.
Laws of a Borrower
A borrower is responsible for everything even if the object he borrowed is destroyed by circumstances beyond his control.
Laws of a Renter
A renter is not responsible if the object is destroyed in circumstances beyond his control and is responsible for negligence. There is a debate whether he is responsible for lost and stolen objects.