Parashat Shemini

'''Parashas Shemini''' is the third parsha in the Book of Vayikra. It contains 91 pesukim. For the Haftora, [[Dovid HaMelech|King Dovid's]] bringing of the Aron is read.       

==Eighth Inauguration Day==
The eighth inauguration day took place on Rosh Chodesh Nissan.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|1">Rashi Vayikra 9|1</ref> Moshe instructed Aharon regarding the day's special schedule in the presents of the Elders, thereby conveying to them that it was by the express command of Hashem that Aharon was entering into the Kehunah Gedolah, preventing them from claiming he entered on his own accord.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|1"/> Aharon was to sacrifice the following unblemished animals on that day...

'''Personal Sacrifices'''
# Korban Chatas - an unblemished bull calf as a sin offering. This informed Aharon that Hashem had granted him atonement through this sacrifice for his role in the incident of the golden calf.<ref>Rashi Vayikra 9|2</ref> 
# Korban Olah - an unblemished ram as a burnt offering
'''National Sacrifices'''
# Chatas -  an unblemished he goat as a sin offering
# First Olah - an unblemished calf in its first year, as a burnt offering
# Second Olah  - an unblemished lamb in its first year, as a burnt offering
# First Shilamim - an ox as a peace offering
# Second Shilamim - a ram as a peace offering
# Mincha -  a meal offering mixed with oil

Animals for these sacrifices were brought and placed in front of the Ohel Moed and the entire Nation gathered at this location and stood before Hashem. These unique one time sacrifices were mandatory on that day and served the special task of drawing down the Shechina into the Mishkan.<ref>Rashi Vayikra 9|4</ref>

===Aharon's Services===
Throughout all seven days of the investitures, Moshe had erected the Mishkan, performed its services then dismantled it daily, yet the Shechinah did not come to rest in it. This brought humiliation to the Jews who thought all their efforts to bring down the Shichina and prove they were forgiven for the sin of the golden calf had been in waste. Moshe responded that his brother Aharon was more worthy and important than him and through his offerings and services the Shechinah would descend to dwell among the Jews. Which would also prove that Aharon had been selected for the position of high priest by Hashem.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|23"/>  

Moshe commanded Ahron in the name of Hashem to approach the altar and perform the sacrifice of his sin bull-calf<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|7"/> (Chatas) and ram<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|7"/> burnt (Olah) offerings, atoning for yourself and the people. Then he was to perform the people's sacrifice of the he-goat, calf and lamb<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|7"/>  and atone for them. These actions were to bring down the glory of Hashem.

Aharon was bashful and afraid to approach the altar<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|7">Rashi Vayikra 9|7</ref> out of humility and fear for the honor of the Shechina.<ref>Rashi Kipshuto</ref> Moshe ordered and strengthened him, telling Aharon that he should not be ashamed for he had been chosen to perform these tasks.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|7"/> He then commanded him to offer the sacrifices, which were to serve as an atonement for himself and the Nation.<ref>Rashi</ref> First Aharon offered the daily morning Korban Tomid,  proceeding only after this with the other sacrifices.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|17"/>

===Aharon's Sacrifices===
'''Chatas''' - Aharon approached the altar and slaughtered his sin offering calf. His  sons collected the blood brought it to him, Aharon dipped his finger into the blood, placing some on the horns of the altar, he then poured the remaining blood at the base of the altar. He then took the fat, kidneys, and diaphragm with the liver and burnt it on the altar. Aharon then burnt the remaining flesh and hide in a fire outside the camp. This burning was an exception to the general rule of all external sin-offerings (whose blood is sprinkled on the outside altar) which are eaten by the kohanim. It was only here and by the 'ox sin-offerings' offered during the 'seven days of inauguration' that this exception was made, at the express command of Hashem.<ref>Rashi Vayikra 9|11</ref>

'''Olah''' - Aharon slaughtered the burnt offering. His sons presented him the blood which he proceeded to dash around the altar. They then presented the dissected burnt offering to Aharon in pieces, including the head and he burnt these on the altar. Aharon washed the innards and the legs, and burnt them on the altar as well.

===Public Sacrifices===
'''Chatas''' - Aharon brought the nation's 'sin offering goat', slaughtered it, and  sacrificed it according to the 'laws of sin-offerings',<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|15">Rashi Vayikra 9|15</ref> just like he did with his own 'sin offering calf'.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|15"/>

'''Olah''' - Aharon then brought forward the burnt offering and prepared it according to the laws of a voluntary burnt-offering described in [[Parashat Vayikra]].<ref>Rashi Vayikra 9|16</ref>

'''Mincha''' - Aharon brought forward the meal offering, filled his palm with it using the 'Kmitza' technique,<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|17">Rashi Vayikra 9|17</ref> and burnt it on the altar. 

'''Shilamim''' - Aharon continued to slaughter the ox and ram, the nations's Shilomim peace offering. His sons presented him the blood and he dashed it around on the altar. They proceeded to presented him the fats from the ox and ram, including: the tail, the fat that covers the innards,<ref>Rashi Vayikra 9|19</ref> the kidneys and the diaphragm with the liver. They handed Aharon the portions with the fats placed on top of the breasts, he did a Tenufa waving and then burnt them on the alter.

===Priestly Blessing===
Aharon lifted up his hands towards the Jews and blessed them with the Birchat Kohanim, reciting the three pesukim of Yivarechecha,Yar and Yisa<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|22">Rashi Vayikra 9|22</ref> He then descended from the altar<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|22"/> after having sacrificed the sin offerings, burnt offerings and peace offerings.

===Second Blessing===
Moshe took Aharon into the Ohel Moed to teach him the procedure for burning the Ketoret incense.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|23">Rashi Vayikra 9|23</ref>  Additionally, Aharon saw that all the sacrifices had been offered and all the procedures had been performed, yet the Shechinah had not descended for Jews. He was distressed, blaming himself, saying the Shichinah had not descended since Hashem was angry at him. He then accused Moshe of putting him in this embarrassing predicament,<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|23"/> having announced to all the Jews that the Shechina would descend in merit of Ahraon's services.<ref name="Shover Zadim Parashat Shemini">Shover Zadim Parashat Shemini</ref>   Right away Moshe took Aharon into the Ohel Moed, where aside for reviewing the burning of the Ketoret, they also prayed for mercy that the Shechinah should descend.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|23"/>

Moshe and Aharon came out and blessed the Jews as a continuation of their prayers,<ref>Rashi Kepshuto</ref> saying; “May the pleasantness of Hashem, be upon us", meaning; "May it be<ref>Rashi Kepshuto</ref> Hashem’s will that the Shechinah rest in the work of your hands.”<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 9|23"/> 

===Descent of Shechinah===
After the second blessing, the glory of Hashem appeared to all the people and a heavenly fire descended onto the Mizbeach, consuming the burnt offering and the fats upon the altar. Seeing this, the Jews sang praises to Hashem<ref>Rashi Vayikra 9|24</ref> and then fell on their faces.

===Other Sacrifices===
Aside from the sacrifices of Aharon and the Nation, the daily Korban Tomid was offered that day, as well as the Rosh Chodes goat offering. Additionally it was the first day of the Korban Nasim and Nachshon ben Aminadav brought his offering.

==Death of Nadav and Avihu==
Nadav and Avihu offer a self-decided Ketoret incense and their souls were burnt. Moshe tells Aharon, this incident was foretold by Hashem and he accepts the ruling with silence and love. Moshe commands Mishael and Eltzaphan to remove the bodies and Elazar and Itamar to refrain from mourning.

===Foreign Fire===
Excited by the divine fire that had descended, Nadab and Abihu, each took a pan with fire and placed incense upon it, bringing this foreign fire that Hashem had not commanded into the Kodesh HaKodashim section of the Mishkan.<ref name="Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|8A">Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|8A</ref>

===Calculations===
Nadav and Avihu interpreted the command "and the sons of Aharon shall place fire on the altar" as instruction to continue and bring mundane fire despite a descent of divine fire.<ref name="Avaosanu / Yuma 53A">Avaosanu / Yuma 53A</ref>

===Offense===
Nadav and Avihu were on an awesomely high spiritual level and were constantly in a state of complete devotion to Hashem,<ref name="Likutay Halachos, Hillchos Piryah Vrivya 3|6">Likutay Halachos, Hillchos Piryah Vrivya 3|6</ref> but according to their great level, committed a number of faults that for them were considered offences.<ref name="Shover Zadim Parashat Shemini"/> Aside from these offences they were completely clean from faults. It is for this reason that each of the four times Nadav and Avihu are mentioned in the Torah, their offence is mentioned with them, to rebuttal any claim saying they possibly had other hidden sins.<ref>Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|2</ref>

====Ruling Before Master====
A student that issues a Halachic ruling in the presents of his master, is deserving of death. Therefore, despite their calculations containing validity, Nadav and Avihu did not have the right to reach an action producing conclusion on their own, without getting a ruling from their master Moshe, who was located in the vicinity.<ref name="Avaosanu / Yuma 53A"/><ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|2">Rashi Vayikra 10|2</ref>

====Alcoholic Influence====
Nadav and Avihu entered the Ohel Moed after having drunk wine. In order to prevent this from occurring again, Aharon was informed of this prohibition immediately following their death.<ref>Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|5A</ref><ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|2"/>

====Entering Kodesh HaKodashim====
Nadav and Avihu entered the 'holy of hollies', which even the Kohen Gadol is only allowed to enter one day a year, on Yom Kippor.

====Uncommanded Sacrifice====
Nadav and Avihu innovated their own sacrifice that was never commanded by Hashem.<ref name="Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|8A"/>

====Strange Fire====
Nadav and Avihu took a simple mundane flame from the fireplace.<ref name="Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|8A"/>

====Lack of Consul====
Not only did they not seek consul from their teacher Moshe, or father Aharon, they did not seek consul from each other and carried out the act without discussing it first one with the other.<ref name="Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 12|8A"/>

====No Marriage====
Nadav and Avihu were great, awesome and holy tzadikim that were constantly in a state of devotion to Hashem in extreme happiness and joy and did want to leave this state even for a short time. Part of the tikkun of marriage is to take the misery and suffering that is generally attached to the woman and to turn it into happiness. Therefore Nadav and Avihu chose not to marry since they did not wish to lower themselves to the task of turning this misery into joy. This however was a flaw since complete happiness and holiness can only be attained when one is able to take the actual misery and sadness and turn that into joy.<ref name="Likutay Halachos, Hillchos Piryah Vrivya 3|6"/>

Part of the rectification and unifications brought about by the Ketoret service involve raising the misery and turning it into happiness. This task of raising the holiness from the depths of the Klipot is only possible for a married individual with constant experience in raising the misery attached to his wife and turning it to joy. Since Nadav and Avihu were flawed on this aspect, they failed to properly perform the part of the meditations and service that involved raising the misery.<ref name="Likutay Halachos, Hillchos Piryah Vrivya 3|6"/>

When someone attempts to raise elements of holiness from the depths of the Klipot and he fails to do so due to his shortcomings, then instead they strengthen and attack that individual. When Nadav and Avihu failed to raise this element of misery from the depth of the Klipot during their Ketoret ritual, they were attacked and overcome by a strengthened overwhelming misery that is an element of death. This allowed death to gain hold of them and led to their passing.<ref name="Likutay Halachos, Hillchos Piryah Vrivya 3|6"/>

'''Yichus'''

Nadav and Avihu never married and did not have any children since they did not consider any woman worthy for them.<ref>Avaosanu / Tanchuma Achrai Mos 7</ref> This was especially true considering their great yichus as their uncle Moshe held position of 'king', their other uncle from their mother's side, Nachshon ben Aminadav was the leading Nassi, their father Aharon was high priest and they themselves were deputy priests.<ref>Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba 20|10</ref> Had there been a worthy woman it might not have required them to descend much from their level to enter the existence of marriage.<ref name="Shover Zadim Parashat Shemini"/>

====Anticipating Leadership====
When Hashem commanded Moshe and Ahron to ascend to Mount Sinai he instructed Nadav and Avihu to follow behind them. Nadav and Avihu thought in their hearts "when will these two elders pass away and me and you will gain leadership over the public"<ref>Avaosanu / /Safra Shimini 10|1   /  Vayikra Rabba /  Sanhedrin 52|1</ref> and even made a commented alluding to that.<ref name="Shover Zadim Parashat Shemini"/>

====Eating and Drinking====
On Mount Sinai during the great revelations, Nadav, Avihu and the Elders gazed too much at the Shichina and that could be comparable to eating and drinking. Accordingly they were worthy of being punished that day but Hashem did not want to spoil the celebration of the Torah, which is comparable to the marriage of His daughter. Instead Hashem deferred the punishment to the day of His personal celebration, the inauguration of the Mishkan."<ref>Avaosanu / Vayikra Rabba</ref>

===Strings of Fire===
Two strings of fire emerged from the Kodesh Hakodash, splitting into four strings. Two entered the nose of Nadav and two the nose of Avihu, one string per nostril and burnt their souls.<ref>Avaosanu / Safra 2</ref>  As they were dying, angles pushed them out towards the Azarah,<ref>Avaosanu / Sefri Naso 44A</ref> collapsing outside or close by.<ref name="Shover Zadim Parashat Shemini"/>

===Aharon's Silence===
Aharon was troubled, wondering how this sin had fallen upon himself and his sons. Moshe came to comfort him and told him how Hashem had told him earlier that he would sanctify the Mishkan through his 'chosen<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|3"/>-honored ones', thereby glorifying Himself in front of the entire Nation. When Hashem exacts judgment upon the righteous, He becomes feared, exalted, and praised.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|3"/> Moshe had been certain that this was prediction of either him or Aharon passing away. Now they had retroactively found out this was a reference to Nadav and Avihu and the Mishkan had been sanctified through them, showing they were indeed greater then them.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|3">Rashi Vayikra 10|3</ref> Once Aharon saw that his sons were cherished by Hashem, he accepted the decree with love and silence.<ref>Avaosanu / Safra Shemini 10|3</ref>

====Sanctification Through Death====

===Removal and Burial===
Moshe calls Mishael and Eltzaphan, Aaron's first cousins, sons of his uncle Uzziel, the brother of his father Amram,<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|4">Rashi Vayikra 10|4</ref> instructing them to remove the bodies of Nadav and Avehu so their death will not interfere with the joy of inauguration celebrations.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|4"/> Although ordinary kohanim are allowed to become impure through handling the deceased of their immediate family and it is only the kohen gadoel that is forbidden, here there was a special one time instruction that Elazar and Itamar should refrain from doing so.<ref>Avaosanu</ref>

==Prohibition of Drunkenness in Temple==
	
Hashem speaks directly to Aharon revealing to him the prohibition of drinking before performing services in the Beit Hamikdash or Mishkan as well as before issuing a ruling. Ahron merited this personal prophecy as a reward for accepting the death of his children with silence and love.<ref name="Rashi Vayikra 10|3"/>

==Burnt Rosh Chodesh Goat==

Aharon and his two remaining sons eat the Mincha and the meat of the Shilamim offering but burnt the Rosh Chodesh goat offering. They did not want to eat it due to their state of 'Aninus' for Nadav and Avihu. Moshe become upset by this, until Aharon explains that the logic of their actions was based on the additional holiness of the Korban Rosh Chodesh that was commanded for all generations as opposed to the one time inaugurational sacrifices which were less holy and could therefore still be eaten in their state of 'Aninus'.
	
==Kosher Animals==
	
It is a Mitzva to understand the differences between the permitted and the forbidden animals and this is how the Jews sanctify themselves.
	
===Mammals===
	
Signs of a kosher animal
	
* '''Split hooves'''  - Hooves of the animal are split reaching the bottom of its leg.
	
* '''Chews its cud''' - Animal swallows food, then regurgitates it and chews it once again.
	
Non kosher land animals include; camels, rabbits, hares, and pigs.
	
===Fish===	
Signs of kosher fish are fins and scales.
	
===Birds===	
Torah lists 24 non-kosher bird species basically all predatory and scavenger birds. These include; eagles...
	
===Locust===	
They have four signs; four legs, thighs, additional pair of smaller legs in front of body, four wings that cover most of the body. The following species of locust are kosher for eating; Arbeh, Salam, Chargol and Chagav.
	
===Shiratzim===
	
The following Shiratzim are forbidden to eat; mouse, turtle....
	
Shiratzim that creep on their stomach or with four or more legs are forbidden to eat. 
	
==Laws of Purity==	
Carcasses of impure animal impurify a person who touches or carries them  until sunset, assuming he immerses in a Mikva before then. Clothing of an impure person also turn impure and require immersion.
	
Carcasses of pure animals impurify a person and his clothing through eating, touching or carrying them, until sundown  assuming he immerses in a Mikva before then. 
	
Carcasses can also impurify vessels including ovens and the food inside them. Vessels or garments created from leather or wood can be purified through immersion in the mikva. Pottery can not be purified and once impure must be broken.
	
Streams and Mikvas can never become impure but a person sitting in them who touches a carcass, can.

Anything attached to the ground can not become impure until it is detached and becomes wet with the consent of its owner.

==References==
<references/>
	
{{Weekly Parsha}}

[[Category:Parsha]]